Abstract: Unveiling the nature of dark matter and dark energy is one of the main tasks of particle physics and cosmology in the 21st century.We first present an overview of the history and current status of research in cosmology, at the same time emphasizing the new challenges in particle physics. Then we focus on the scientific issues of dark energy,dark matter and anti-matter,and review the recent progress made in these fields. Finally,we discuss the prospects for future research on the experimental probing of dark matter and dark energy in China.