Abstract: Two-dimensional（2D）colloid crystal lithography possesses many merits in the synthesis of 2D ordered nanoparticle arrays, such as easy operation, low cost and high output. It can conveniently control the morphology of the arrays, including size, shape, spacing and even composition of the nanoparticles, and thus can realize tunability of the arrays properties over a large region. In this method, the synthesis of the 2D colloid crystal is crucial. We review the formation mechanism influence factors and synthesis of such crystals summarize the applications of this lithography technology and future prospects.