Abstract: Two-dimensional nanomaterials have high electrical conductivity, good biocompatibility, unique nanosheet structure, large surface area, and excellent thermal, optical and mechanical properties. They are widely used in drug delivery, biosensing, multi-modal imaging, antibacterial agents, and tissue engineering, with great potential in the biomedical field. This review summarizes the characteristics of several two-dimensional nanomaterials， including zirconium phosphate, layered double hydroxide, black phosphorus, boron nanosheets, and tin telluride, as well as their applications in drug delivery, renal dialysis, cancer therapy, and multimodal imaging. Finally, the challenges and future development of two-dimensional nanoma‐ terials are appraised.