无序中的对称性——诺奖得主帕里西工作解读
Symmetry in disorder——on the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics
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摘要: 2021年度诺贝尔物理学奖授予三位科学家,真锅淑郎(Syukuro Manabe)、克劳斯·哈塞尔曼(Klaus Hasselmann)和乔治·帕里西(Giorgio Parisi),以表彰他们“发现了气候和其他复杂现象中的隐藏模式”。其中帕里西获得二分之一的奖金,获奖理由是“发现从原子到行星尺度的物理系统中无序和涨落之间的相互影响”。帕里西的自旋玻璃理论深刻地揭示了无序体系中的隐藏对称性,为文章介绍的重点。Abstract: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2021 was awarded to three scientists, Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann and Giorgio Parisi, because “they found hidden patterns in the climate and in other complex phenomena”. Giorgio Parisi received half of the prize, “for the discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales”. Parisi’s theory on spin glasses deeply revealed the hidden symmetry in disordered systems, which is the focus of this article.