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太阳大气中不可忽视的爆发活动——喷流

A nonnegligible type of eruption in the solar atmosphere—jets

  • 摘要: 人类第一次注意到太阳大气中发生的喷流现象,是在20 世纪20 年代的Mt. Wilson观测台站发现的Hα冲浪。尽管已经过去了接近一个世纪,由于喷流本身并没有表现出像太阳耀斑那样的耀眼增亮,也没有像日冕物质抛射那样能够直接影响到近地空间环境,太阳大气喷流一直没能引起人们足够的重视。然而,近些年的一些研究进展表明,喷流不仅在分析太阳磁场拓扑结构和演化、与磁流体力学波(如类阿尔芬波)的相互作用、加热局地日冕以及加速太阳风等方面可能起着十分重要的作用,也与耀斑、日冕物质抛射等太阳上的极端爆发活动有着密切的关系。文章首先简要回顾太阳大气喷流的理论和观测成果,然后介绍作者在喷流触发高速日冕物质抛射方面最新的研究成果。最后简述喷流研究中亟待解决的一些问题和未来的研究方向。

     

    Abstract: The first solar jet seen by human beings was observed as an Hα surge by the Mt.Wilson Observatory in the 1920s. As jets are neither as dazzling as solar flares, nor can they affect the terrestrial environment like coronal mass ejections (CME), they failed to attract much attention. However, recent progress has shown that jets are playing very important roles in solar magnetic field topology and evolution, interacting with solar magnetohydradynamics (MHD) waves (such as Alfvénic waves), and heating local corona and accelerating fast solar winds. They could also have a close relationship with extreme solar eruptions such as flares and CMEs. In this article, we will briefly introduce the theories and observations of solar jets, and then describe our recent study on a solar jet triggering a fast coronal mass ejection. Finally, we will summarize some key problems that need to be solved, and key points for future research.

     

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