Abstract: Nobel Prize of Physics in 2014 awards inventing the new energy-efficient and environment-friendly light source——the blue light-emitting diode, which is of greatest benefit to mankind. We shall explore what we can learn from the three Nobel Laureates, including their insight,motivation and persistence. Comparing with Science and Technology in China, we shall discuss how to evaluate a key research project, and how to extract positive factors from Japan's research culture, including the scientific administration and the R&D by enterprise.